菌斑微生物群落构成变化与儿童龋病相关研究进展

doi:10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2021.04.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

龋病作为多因素影响的疾病,细菌是龋病发生的始动因素,生态菌斑学说的提出以及现代分子生物学手段的应用,使得学者们能够从微生物角度对菌斑生物膜中细菌的种群分布、菌群多样性、菌斑微生物群落变化与儿童龋病之间的联系进行了更深入的探讨。菌群多样性的降低与龋病发生密切相关,早于龋病发生前的6个月就可以检测到菌群多样性水平的降低,这为龋病监测和患龋风险评估提供了重要依据;差异菌属如乳酸杆菌、韦荣球菌等有可能作为儿童龋病生物标记物,判断儿童患龋风险。目前研究表明在龋病发生发展的不同进程中菌斑微生物群落结构中优势菌属不同,各菌群间的相互作用仍未清晰,菌斑微生物群落在龋病发生发展过程中的具体致龋机制尚未阐明。探究龋病发展过程中微生物多样性和微生物群落构成的变化,筛选特异性的龋病生物标记物,仍是进一步研究的重点。本文针对相关研究进行综述。

关键词: 龋病, 儿童, 牙菌斑生物膜, 生态菌斑学说, 菌斑微生物群落, 微生物多样性, 致龋微生物, 生物标记物

Abstract:

Among many factors affecting dental caries, bacteria are its initiating factor. From the perspective of ecological plaque hypothesis, the application of modern molecular biology methods enable scholars to deeply explore the relationship between the microbial population distribution, biodiversity, microbial community changes of dental plaque biofilm and the occurrence of dental caries in children. The decrease in microflora diversity is closely related to the occurrence of dental caries, which can be detected as early as 6 months before the occurrence of dental caries, providing an important basis for caries monitoring and caries risk assessment. Differential bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Veillonella may be used as biomarkers of caries in children to judge the risk of caries in children. However, current studies have shown that the dominant bacteria in the microbial community structure vary in different processes of caries occurrence and development, that the interaction between different flora is still not clear, and that the specific cariogenic mechanism of the oral plaque microbial community in the process of caries occurrence and development has not been clarified. Further research is still needed to explore the changes in plaque microbial diversity and composition during the development of dental caries and to screen specific dental caries biomarkers. This paper also summarizes the related research findings.

Key words: dental caries, children, dental plaque biofilm, ecological plaque theory, plaque microbial community, microbiome diversity, cariogenic microorganisms, biomarker

中图分类号:

周庆楠,尚佳健. 菌斑微生物群落构成变化与儿童龋病相关研究进展[J]. 口腔疾病防治, 2021, 29(4): 267-272.

ZHOU Qingnan,SHANG Jiajian. Research progress on the relationship between the changes in microbial community composition of plaque and dental caries in children[J]. Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases, 2021, 29(4): 267-272.

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