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20 December 2017, Volume 25 Issue 12
    

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    Expert Forum
  • Qian TAO, Peisheng LIANG
    Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases. 2017, 25(12): 749-754. https://doi.org/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2017.12.001
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    The 4th edition of WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumours has been published in Jan. 2017. In Chapter 8 ‘Odontogenic and maxillofacial bone tumours’, the classification of odontogenic tumors was recomposed from the previous edition in 2005. In this paper, we introduced the modification of odontogenic tumors classification between 2017 and 2005 in a comprehensive discussion.

  • Chengzhang LI
    Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases. 2017, 25(12): 755-760. https://doi.org/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2017.12.002
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    In clinical practice, the masticatory muscles problems are often encountered occlusion. Masticatory muscles, as a component of the masticatory system, play an important role in occlusion. Both of them interact with each other through neural system. However, there is not enough knowledge about it. This article introduces the function, functional disorder and functional diagnosis of masticatory muscles, and makes a brief analysis of the relation between occlusion and masticatory muscles.

  • Special Articles
  • Daming ZHANG, Bin ZHOU, Shanyi ZHANG, Zhaohui YANG, Jianguang1ZHANG Bin WANG, Weiliang CHEN
    Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases. 2017, 25(12): 761-766. https://doi.org/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2017.12.003
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    Objective To describe our experience with the surgical treatment of severe wooden foreign body (WFB) injuries in the head and neck region. Methods A case series review of WFB injuries in the head and neck region that were managed at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital between 2008 and 2014 was performed retrospectively. The clinical findings and surgical details of ten cases were reviewed. Results The WFBs were integrally removed from all patients with the average age of 40.9 years. 8 cases dued to falling and 2 cases because of industrial injuries. All cases under-went general anesthesia (6 cases tracheal incision, 3 cases through nose intubation, 1 cases through oral intubation).The lengths of the WFBs ranged from 4.0 cm to 17.5 cm (average 9.96 cm). The procedures lasted 30 to 180 min. No se-vere bleeding was observed. Total blood loss ranged from approximately 3 to 200 mL (average 69 mL). The patients were followed for 11 to 38 months, and no postoperative complications, only 1 cases appeared open type deviation and 2 cases of scar discomfort after neck operation. Conclusion Surgical treatment of severe WFB injuries in the head and neck region is acceptably safe and effective. Endoscopic surgery can be used in patients with WFBs that are embedded in the maxilla.

  • The Fourth National Epidemiological Survey of Oral Health
  • Weihua FAN, Jianbo LI, Wanghong ZHAO, Ziqiang LIU, Shaohong HUANG
    Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases. 2017, 25(12): 767-773. https://doi.org/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2017.12.004
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    Objective To investigate current status of periodontal health in the population at the age of 15-74 in Guangdong province and provide information for oral health care in Guangdong. Methods A stratified multistage randomly sampling design was applied to obtain 4 provincially representative sample groups consisted of 2784 Guangdong residents, aged at 15, 35-44, 55-64 and 65-74 respectively, with a gender ratio of half to half. The status of probing depth (PD) and loss of attachment (LOA) of the whole mouth were assessed according to the Guideline for the fourth National Oral Health Survey by using a CPI probe, and the data obtained were analyzed with SAS9.2 package. Results The prevalence of shallow periodontal pocket in the 15, 35-44, 55-64 and 65-74 years old group were 0.52%, 38.54%, 49.65%, 47.22% with 0.02, 2.05, 3.74, 2.80 affected teeth on average. The corresponding percentages of deep periodontal pocket in the 4 groups were 0.05%, 3.47%, 15.97%, 9.03% with 0, 0.07, 0.31, 0.16 affected teeth on average. Prevalence and the mean affected teeth of 4-5 mm LOA were 0.10%, 26.74%, 33.68%, 35.07% and 0, 1.54, 4.33, 4.05. The prevalence and the mean affected teeth of 6-8 mm LOA were 0, 6.94%, 32.29%, 27.08% and 0, 0.24, 1.23, 0.97. The prevalence of LOA≥4 mm were 0.10%, 35.07%, 79.17%, 74.65% and the prevalence of LOA≥6 mm were 0, 8.33%, 45.49%, 39.58%. In the 35-74 years old group, the prevalence and the mean teeth with PD and LOA increased with age and reached a peak in 55-64 years old group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the prevalence and the mean teeth of PD and LOA between urban and rural areas. The mean teeth of PD in 35-44 and 55-64 years old groups were significant higher in the male than the female. The prevalence and the mean teeth with LOA were both significant higher in the male than the female. Conclusion The periodontal diseases indications are common in 35-74 years old people and most necessary at the age of 55-64 in Guangdong. The periodontal health may have extensive influence on oral health status in the middle-aged and the elder population in Guangdong.

  • Basic Study
  • Yuan SU, Yingtao LÜ, Xueyang ZHANG, Xuanjun CHEN, Jincai ZHANG
    Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases. 2017, 25(12): 774-778. https://doi.org/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2017.12.005
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    Objective To invesitgate the protein expression for leptin receptor in skeletal muscle in periodontitis and obese rat models, with the aim of exploring the effect of experimental periodontitis on adipokines receptors in insulin-targeting tissues and underlying mechanisms of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Methods Forty natal SD male rats were randomly divided into four groups, respectively: obese rats with periodontitis (OB+ CP group), obese rats without periodontitis (OB group), normal rats with periodontitis (CP group) and normal rats without periodontitis (C group). Obese rat model was established by subcutaneous injection of sodium glutamate. Experimental periodontitis was induced by ligation and inoculation of periodontal pathogens. Immunohistochemical analysis of leptin receptor expression in skeletal muscle of four groups was employed. Results In the skeletal muscle, the protein for leptin receptor in the C group and CP group were popular and strong positive, and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05). The protein expressions in the OB + CP group and OB group were decreased. Fewer protein expression was detected in the OB + CP group when compared with OB group (P < 0.05). A synergistic interaction between obesity and periodontitis was evident to the expression for the leptin receptor (P < 0.05). Local infection induced by experimental periodontitis can barely down-regulate the protein expression for leptin receptor in the skeletal muscle. However, periodontitis can significantly down-regulate the protein expressions with the presence of obesity.

  • Li JI, Zhinong ZHU, Wenwei LIAN, Dongfang LI
    Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases. 2017, 25(12): 779-783. https://doi.org/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2017.12.006
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    Objective To analyze and discuss the effect of 4 different surface treatment methods on the bonding effect between polymerization porcelain and metal bracket s. Methods 45 polymer-ceramics specimens were made and 40 of them were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups according to different surface treatment methods. A group:surface without special treatment. B group: 9.6% hydrofluoric acid gel combine with bonding agent, C group: 9.6% hydrofluoric acid gel combine with silane, D group: 35% phosphoric acid gel combine with bonding agent, E group: 35% phosphoric acid gel combine with silane. All specimens were stored in water for 24 hours at 37 ℃ after bonding 10 min utes and then cycled 500 cycles (5 ℃ to 55 ℃). To measure the shear bonding strength and record the damage cases and the adhesive remnant index. Results The shear strength values were: 3.24 in the control group, 7.24 MPa in the hydrofluoric acid etching treatment group. 10.78 MPa in the hydrofluoric acid gel combined with silane group. 4.17 MPa in the phosphoric acid-only group, 6.84 MPa in the phosphoric acid gel combined with silane group. The results of each group were statistically different from those of the other four groups (P < 0.001). The rate of breakage after the removal of brackets of the hydrofluoric acid gel combined with silane group is higher than the others. Conclusion As to the high shear bonding strength and low rate of breakage after the removal of brackets, we recommend 35% phosphoric acid etching combining with silane coupling agent in clinical.

  • Cinical Study
  • Dechun ZHENG, Dong WU
    Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases. 2017, 25(12): 784-787. https://doi.org/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2017.12.007
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    Objective To investigate the relationship between the level of the soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell (sTREM-1) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of individuals and peri-implantitis. Methods 46 patients (75 implants) with different severities of peri-implantitis and 18 patients (75 implants) without peri-implantitis were selected in this study. The concentrations of sTREM-1 in GCF with different types of peri-implantitis were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The peri-implantitis peroxidase depth (PPD), the distance from the shoulder of the implant to the bottom of the bony defect (DSB), the modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI) and the modified plaque index (mPLI) were recorded. The correlation between PPD, DSB, mSBI, mPLI and sTREM-1 was analyzed. Results The concentrations of sTREM-1 in GCF in mild, moderate and severe peri-implantitis group were significantly higher than those in healthy group (P < 0.05). The concentrations of sTREM-1 in GCF in severe peri-implantitis group were significantly higher than those in mild and moderate group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the concentration of sTREM-1 in GCF between mild peri-implantitis group and moderate group (P > 0.05). In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between the concentration of sTREM-1 and PPD, DSB, mSBI, mPLI. Conclusions The concentration of sTREM-1 in GCF is closely related to the severity of tissue inflammation around implant.

  • Qinglin WANG, Shaoyun HE Yongjian ZHOU, Yongjian HE, Mingyu LI Rongxia MA
    Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases. 2017, 25(12): 788-793. https://doi.org/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2017.12.008
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    Objective To access the clinical effect of orthodontic treatment in patients with extraction of mandible first molar. Methods Nineteen patients (three male and sixteen female) with extraction of mandible first molar because of caries, periapical disease were collected as experimental group. The age was 21.37 ± 5.07. Nineteen patients (seven male and twelve female) with extraction of four premolar as control group, The age was 20.42 ± 4.23. All the patients were treated with orthodontic space closure using MBT preadjusted appliance and sliding mechanics PAR index and cephalomertics that were compared before and after orthodontic treatment. Results The two groups’ reduction in weighted PAR score and each of the PAR score differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups after treatment in PAR. There were significant changes in U1-NA (°)、U1-NA(mm)、U1-SN(°), but not in the rest of the value in experimental group (P<0.01). The L1-NB(°)、 L1-NB (mm) was significant difference before and after treatment. Extraction spaces of mandible first molars were closed (P<0.01); Good occlusal relationships and soft tissue profiles were achieved in all cases. Conclusion If the mandibular first molars have serious caries or periapical lesions, removal of mandibular first molar, making full use of the mandibular third molar and keeping health premolars for orthodontic treatment could receive satisfactory results.

  • Prevention and Treatment Practice
  • Chunming HUANG, Yanhua XU, Guiyue HUANG
    Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases. 2017, 25(12): 794-797. https://doi.org/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2017.12.009
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    Objective To investigate the prevalence of malocclusion in primary dentition among preschool children in Kunming. To analysze the relationship between malocclusion and oral bad habits, genetic factors and the caries prevalence in preschool children. Methods According to economic conditions and distribution area of Kunming school, a total of 2 116 preschool children from nine kindergarten in Kunming city were surveyed. Oral examniation of 2 116 preschool children were conducted by trained dentists to investigate the prevalence of malocclusion and the prevalence of dental caries in Kunming. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the oral habits and genetic factors of the children in the study and to analyze the correlation between malocclusion and oral bad habits, genetic factors and caries rate of deciduous teeth. Results Among the 2 116 preschool children examined, 1 516 were malocclusion, the prevalence of malocclusion was 71.64%, and the rate of dental caries was 63.50%. Bad habits and genetic factors were the risk factors of malocclusion, and there was no statistical difference in the prevalence of malocclusion between the tested children and those with or without caries. Conclusion The prevalence of malocclusion in the preschool children in Kunming city is high. The dentist is required to do the work of preventing bad habits. Parents need to improve the awareness of oral health care, together to do the early diagnosis of malocclusion, early diagnosis, early treatment.

  • Luman LIAO, Li XIONG, Wenbing HUA, Yun ZHANG, Weiping ZHANG, Xiuyin ZHANG
    Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases. 2017, 25(12): 798-802. https://doi.org/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2017.12.010
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    Objective To investigate the effects of the related factors on the aesthetic implant restoration of anterior maxilla with a typical case report. Methods A patient, who was failed with metal-ceramic bridge half year, required an implant restoration. Before treatment, a thorough clinical and radiological examination and a SAC classification were done. The teeth were extracted in mininal truama without flap reflection, and implants were inserted with delayed restoration. A provisional restoration supported by temporary abutment was placed to guide the development of the soft tissues. Then the final impression with the custom-made transcopings was made. And a screwretention metal-resin bridge was made with CAD/CAM titanium framework.Results During follow-up the dental implants and provisional restoration provided the patient with good esthetics, pronunciation and chewing function.Conclusion Many factors may affect the success rates and asethetic effect of anterior implant restorations. Indications, pre-surgical assessments, treatments are keys to aesthetic implant restoration.

  • Zongsheng CHENG, Yinhuan JIN
    Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases. 2017, 25(12): 803-805. https://doi.org/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2017.12.011
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    Primary neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma of the parotid gland is a rare malignant tumor, the clinical diagnosis is difficult. This article report a primary parotid neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma which was initially diagnosed of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the parotid gland and was operated, but recurred 2 years later. The artide discuss about the characteristic of this disease and review the relevant literatures.

  • Jing HU, Zongrui TIAN, Yanmei DAI, Zhaofei FENG
    Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases. 2017, 25(12): 806-809. https://doi.org/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2017.12.012
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    Objective To investigate the situation of dental fluorosis and residents awareness of dental flourosis in rural area of Tianjin, providing the basis for control of dental fluorosis prevalence level and continuous supervise of dental fluorosis prevalence. Methods The objectives were selected by stratified cluster sampling method. Health interview survey and oral examination were perfor med. Results The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 5.2% in 3-5 years children group, 68.6% in 12-14 years youth group, 64.5% in 15 years youth group, and 68.2% in 35-74 years group. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in 12-14 years group was lower than that in 2005 (χ2=21.62, P < 0.001). The community index of dental fluorosis (CFI ) was 0.1 in 3-5 years children group, 1.48 in 12-15 years youth group, 1.85 in 35-74 years old group. 47.7% students knew nothing about dental fluorosis, and 54.2% adult dental fluorosis patients did not know they were suffering from dental fluorosis. 47.4% of the subjects knew the relationship between dental fluorosis and fluoride in drinking water, and 18.8% subjects considered dental fluorosis was related with tooth cleaning. Conclusion The prevalence of dental fluorosis in 12-14 years old students was lower than 12 years old at 2005, but the increase of prevalence of dental fluorosis in 3-5 years children indicates the intake of fluorosis should be more strictly controlled. The awareness of dental fluorosis in rural area residents is poor and oral health education about fluorosis should be enhanced.

  • Review Articles
  • Nengwu JIANG, Hao YU
    Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases. 2017, 25(12): 810-813. https://doi.org/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2017.12.013
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    High prevalence of dental erosion has been reported in recent years. The prevention and treatment of dental erosion has therefore attracted lots of attention in dentistry. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is a type of proteolytic enzyme containing Zn2+ and Ca2+, which can degrade organic matrix in advanced dental erosion. MMPs inhibitors were reported to have the potential to prevent the organic matrix of dentin from degradation, which might provide protective capacity against dental erosion. The present article reviews the mechanism and potential application of MMPs inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of dental erosion.

  • Yanan WEI, Xun SHENG, Zhiyun CAO
    Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases. 2017, 25(12): 814-816. https://doi.org/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2017.12.014
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    It is the key step of the occlusal reconstruction to determine the correct occlusal vertical dimension for edentulous patients. Although there are several methods in clinical practice, there is no ideal way. This paper summarizes the following methods: inter-occlusal distance, closest speaking space method, pre-extraction record, face proportion division method and facial appearance observation, cephalometric analysis, electromyography, swallowing, bite force determination and self feeling method. In this paper, the current research status and the feasibility of each method are discussed.