无牙颌种植覆盖义齿修复对剩余牙槽嵴影响的研究进展

doi:10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2022.07.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着种植技术的日益成熟,种植覆盖义齿逐渐成为无牙颌患者恢复美观和功能的常规修复方式,其提高了无牙颌患者的生活质量。本文对种植覆盖义齿的种植体因素、附着体因素、咬合因素和患者自身因素等对剩余牙槽嵴的影响进行综述。现有研究提示医师在进行义齿设计时,首先需要在术前考虑患者的口腔黏膜及颌骨条件,选择适宜尺寸的种植体以确保种植体周围余留充足的骨量;其次在选择附着体类型时应充分考虑种植体的数目、位置及A-P距,并适当降低牙尖斜度以避免过大的侧向力对牙槽嵴造成危害;最后还应在术后定期复查,以维持义齿更长久的使用时间及无牙颌患者更充足的骨量。然而影响颌骨吸收的因素是多方面的,未来还应对患者戴义齿的习惯和次数,口腔卫生和营养状况,全身疾病和服药情况等多种因素进一步探究。

关键词: 牙列缺失, 无牙颌, 种植覆盖义齿, 种植体, 剩余牙槽嵴, 上颌骨, 下颌骨, 骨密度, 骨改建, 骨吸收

Abstract:

With the growing maturity of implant technology, implant overdenture has gradually become a conventional repair method for edentulous patients to restore beauty and function, which improves the quality of life of edentulous patients. This paper reviews the effects of implant factors, attachment factors, occlusal factors and patients' own factors on residual alveolar ridge. Existing studies suggest that when designing denture, doctors first need to consider the oral mucosa and jaw conditions of patients before operation, and select the appropriate size of implant to ensure that sufficient bone remains around the implant; Secondly, when choosing the type of attachment, the number, location and A-P distance of implants should be fully considered, and the inclination of cusp should be properly reduced to avoid the harm of excessive lateral force to alveolar ridge; Finally, regular reexamination should be carried out after operation to maintain longer service time of denture and more sufficient bone mass of edentulous patients. However, there are many factors affecting jaw absorption. In the future, we should further explore many factors, such as patients' habit and frequency of wearing dentures, oral health and nutritional status, systemic diseases and medication.

Key words: dentition loss, edentulous jaw, implant-supported overdenture, dental implant, residual ridge, maxilla, mandible, bone mineral density, bone reconstruction, bone resorption

中图分类号:

翟建佳, 储顺礼. 无牙颌种植覆盖义齿修复对剩余牙槽嵴影响的研究进展[J]. 口腔疾病防治, 2022, 30(7): 517-522.

ZHAI Jianjia, CHU Shunli. Research progress on the effect of implant-supported overdentures on residual ridges[J]. Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases, 2022, 30(7): 517-522.

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