Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (3): 151-157.doi: 10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2018.03.003

• The Fourth National Epidemiological Survey of Oral Health • Previous Articles     Next Articles

A sampling survey of gingival bleeding and dental calculus in Guangdong Province (2015-2016)

Weihua FAN1(), Jianbo LI1, Wanghong ZHAO2, Ziqiang LIU1, Shaohong HUANG1()   

  1. 1. Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China;
    2. Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University & Stomatological College of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
  • Received:2017-10-24 Revised:2017-12-01 Online:2018-03-20 Published:2018-08-31

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Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current status of gingival bleeding and dental calculus in the 12- to 74-year old population in Guangdong Province with the aim of providing information to support oral health care. Methods A stratified, multistage, random sampling design was used to obtain 7 provincially representative sample groups consisting of 8, 544 Guangdong residents aged 12, 13, 14, 15, 35-44, 55-64 and 65-74 years old with a 50/50 gender ratio. The status of gingival bleeding and dental calculus in the whole mouth was assessed according to the Guidelines of the Fourth National Oral Health Survey using a CPI probe. The resulting data were analyzed using the SAS9.2 package. Results The prevalence of gingival bleeding in residents aged 12, 13, 14, 15, 35-44, 55-64 and 65-74 years old was 43.75%, 42.76%, 49.06%, 39.38%, 81.94%, 90.97%, and 84.03%, respectively, while the average number of teeth with gingival bleeding per person was 1.95, 2.07, 2.59, 2.39, 9.62, 10.36, and 9.98, respectively. In the 12-, 13-, 14-, and 15-year-old groups, peak prevalence was observed at age 14 (P < 0.05). In the 35-74-year-old group, the prevalence and mean number of teeth with gingival bleeding per person increased with age, and both parameters reached a peak in the 55-64-year-old group. The prevalence of dental calculus in the 12-, 13-, 14-, 15-, 35-44-, 55-64- and 65-74-year-old group was 40.57%, 41.09%, 45.05%, 54.84%, 98.96%, 97.22%, and 92.01%, respectively, and on average, each person had 1.61, 1.71, 2.14, 3.52, 20.30, 20.55, and 17.26 teeth, respectively, with dental calculus. The prevalence and mean number of teeth with dental calculus increased with age. In the 35- to 74- year-old group, the prevalence of dental calculus was higher in urban areas than in rural areas and the mean number of teeth with dental calculus was higher in males than in females. Otherwise, there were no significant differences in the prevalence or the mean number of teeth with dental calculus or gingival bleeding between urban and rural areas or between males and females. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of both gingival bleeding and dental calculus in all 7 age groups in Guangdong, indicating that poor oral hygiene and gingival inflammation are common in Guangdong Province.

Key words: Oral health care, Oral epidemiology, Oral health survey, Cross-sectional survey, Gingival bleeding, Dental calculus

CLC Number: 

  • R781.4

Table 1

Prevalence and mean number of teeth with gingival bleeding in the 12-, 13-, 14-, and 15-year-old populations in Guangdong Province"

年龄 城乡/
性别		 受检
人数		 牙龈出血 Z值 P1值 χ2值 P2值
检出人数 检出率（％） 检出牙数 x?±s
12岁 城 960 428 44.58 1 941 2.02 ± 3.25 0.880 0.379 0.542 0.462
乡 960 412 42.92 1 806 1.88 ± 3.18
男 960 424 44.17 1 933 2.01 ± 3.32 0.588 0.556 0.135 0.713
女 960 416 43.33 1 814 1.89 ± 3.11
合计 1 920 840 43.75 3 747 1.95 ± 3.22
13岁 城 960 416 43.33 2 032 2.12 ± 3.50 0.543 0.587 0.258 0.612
乡 960 405 42.19 1 945 2.03 ± 3.35
男 960 420 43.75 2 150 2.24 ± 3.62 1.541 0.123 0.768 0.381
女 960 401 41.77 1 827 1.90 ± 3.21
合计 1 920 821 42.76 3 977 2.07 ± 3.43
14岁 城 960 462 48.13 2 492 2.60 ± 4.19 -0.721 0.471 0.675 0.411
乡 960 480 50.00 2 486 2.59 ± 3.96
男 960 460 47.92 2 441 2.54 ± 4.09 -1.002 0.316 1.009 0.315
女 960 482 50.21 2 537 2.64 ± 4.06
合计 1 920 942 49.06 4 978 2.59 ± 4.07
15岁 城 960 383 39.90 2 354 2.45 ± 4.27 0.506 0.613 0.218 0.640
乡 960 373 38.85 2 233 2.33 ± 4.12
男 960 392 40.83 2 391 2.49 ± 4.24 1.290 0.197 1.711 0.191
女 960 364 37.92 2 196 2.29 ± 4.15
合计 1 920 756 39.38 4 587 2.39 ± 4.19

Table 2

Prevalence and mean number of teeth with gingival bleeding in the 35-44-, 55-64-, and 65-74-year-old populations in Guangdong Province"

年龄 城乡/性别 受检人数 牙龈出血 Z值 P1值 χ2值 P2值
检出人数 检出率（％） 检出牙数 x?±s
35~44岁 城 144 124 86.11 1 368 9.50 ± 9.20 0.386 0.700 3.380 0.066
乡 144 112 77.78 1 403 9.74 ± 10.17
男 144 115 79.86 1 416 9.83 ± 10.13 0.020 0.984 0.845 0.358
女 144 121 84.03 1 355 9.41 ± 9.24
合计 288 236 81.94 2 771 9.62 ± 9.68
55~64岁 城 144 127 88.19 1 343 9.33 ± 8.53 -1.958 0.050 2.706 0.100
乡 144 135 93.75 1 642 11.40 ± 9.49
男 144 129 89.58 1 421 9.87 ± 9.56 -1.685 0.092 0.676 0.411
女 144 133 92.36 1 564 10.86 ± 8.55
合计 288 262 90.97 2 985 10.36 ± 9.07
65~74岁 城 144 118 81.94 1 384 9.61 ± 9.98 -0.908 0.364 0.931 0.334
乡 144 124 86.11 1 489 10.34 ± 9.38
男 144 120 83.33 1 450 10.07 ± 10.26 -0.510 0.610 0.104 0.748
女 144 122 84.72 1 423 9.88 ± 9.08
合计 288 242 84.03 2 873 9.98 ± 9.67

Table 3

Prevalence and mean number of teeth with dental calculus in the 12-, 13-, 14-, and 15-year-old populations in Guangdong Province"

年龄 城乡/性别 受检人数 牙石 Z值 P1值 χ2值 P2值
检出人数 检出率（％） 检出牙数 x ± s
12岁 城 960 384 40.00 1 520 1.58 ± 2.67 -0.435 0.663 0.261 0.609
乡 960 395 41.15 1 579 1.64 ± 2.82
男 960 398 41.46 1 601 1.67 ± 2.88 0.766 0.444 0.624 0.430
女 960 381 39.69 1 498 1.56 ± 2.59
合计 1 920 779 40.57 3 099 1.61 ± 2.74
13岁 城 960 386 40.21 1 590 1.66 ± 2.93 -1.036 0.300 0.622 0.430
乡 960 403 41.98 1 693 1.76 ± 2.84
男 960 391 40.73 1 705 1.78 ± 3.00 0.240 0.810 0.105 0.745
女 960 398 41.46 1 578 1.64 ± 2.77
合计 1 920 789 41.09 3 283 1.71 ± 2.89
14岁 城 960 441 45.94 2 142 2.23 ± 3.61 1.1676 0.243 0.608 0.436
乡 960 424 44.17 1 973 2.06 ± 3.61
男 960 431 44.90 2 023 2.11 ± 3.52 -0.216 0.829 0.019 0.891
女 960 434 45.21 2 092 2.18 ± 3.70
合计 1 920 865 45.05 4 115 2.14 ± 3.61
15岁 城 960 498 51.88 3 207 3.34 ± 5.06 -2.661 0.008 6.833 0.009
乡 960 555 57.81 3 544 3.69 ± 4.95
男 960 542 56.46 3 590 3.74 ± 5.07 2.173 0.030 2.021 0.155
女 960 511 53.23 3 161 3.29 ± 4.94
合计 1 920 1 053 54.84 6 751 3.52 ± 5.01

Table 4

Prevalence and mean number of teeth with dental calculus in the 35-44-, 55-64-, and 65-74-year-old populations in Guangdong Province"

年龄 城乡/性别 受检人数 牙石 Z值 P1值 χ2值 P2值
检出人数 检出率（％） 检出牙数 x?±s
35~44岁 城 144 143 99.31 2 795 19.41 ± 9.38 -1.502 0.133 0.337 0.562
乡 144 142 98.61 3 051 21.19 ± 8.90
男 144 143 99.31 3 274 22.74 ± 8.50 4.761 < 0.001 0.337 0.562
女 144 142 98.61 2 572 17.86 ± 9.20
合计 288 285 98.96 5 846 20.30 ± 9.17
55~64岁 城 144 141 97.92 2 916 20.25 ± 8.75 -0.794 0.427 0.514 0.473
乡 144 139 96.53 3 002 20.85 ± 9.13
男 144 138 95.83 2 981 20.70 ± 9.39 0.710 0.478 2.057 0.152
女 144 142 98.61 2 937 20.40 ± 8.49
合计 288 280 97.22 5 918 20.55 ± 8.93
65~74岁 城 144 137 95.14 2 611 18.13 ± 9.46 1.407 0.159 3.827 0.050
乡 144 128 88.89 2 359 16.38 ± 10.12
男 144 131 90.97 2 728 18.94 ± 9.77 3.077 0.002 0.425 0.514
女 144 134 93.06 2 242 15.57 ± 9.60
合计 288 265 92.01 4 970 17.26 ± 9.81
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