Abstract:

With the continuous development of maxillary sinus floor elevation technology, the osteogenesis mechanism of maxillary sinus floor elevation has always been a concern of scholars. The membrane of the maxillary sinus is an indispensable physiological structure in the process of space osteogenesis under the sinus floor after elevation of the sinus floor. In recent years, the role of the maxillary sinus floor mucosa in sinus floor space osteogenesis has been a research hotspot. Recent studies have found that the maxillary sinus floor membrane plays a role as a natural biological barrier membrane in the process of sinus floor space osteogenesis after maxillary sinus floor elevation; in addition, it has the ability to undergo osteogenesis. It has also been found that maxillary sinus membrane stem cells (MSMSCs) derived from the maxillary sinus floor membrane have characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells, which can differentiate into osteoblasts and participate in sinus floor space osteogenesis after maxillary sinus floor elevation. New studies have also found that small RNAs such as microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs can regulate the osteogenic differentiation of MSMSCs, which may be important biological targets for promoting osteogenesis in the sinus floor space. In this paper, the relationship between the maxillary sinus floor mucosa and bone formation after maxillary sinus floor elevation, the barrier and osteogenic function of the maxillary sinus floor mucosa, the sources of osteoblasts involved in osteogenesis of the sinus floor space, and the molecular regulatory mechanisms of stem cells derived from maxillary sinus mucosa will be elucidated step by step.

Key words: dental implantation, maxillary sinus floor elevation, maxillary sinus floor membrane, maxillary sinus membrane stem cells, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, osteogenic differentiation

摘要：

上颌窦底提升的技术不断发展,上颌窦底提升后的成骨机制一直是学者关注的问题。上颌窦黏膜是上颌窦底提升后窦底空间成骨过程中不可或缺的生理结构,近年来有关上颌窦底黏膜在窦底空间成骨中的作用是一个研究热点。研究表明,在上颌窦底提升术后窦底空间成骨过程中,上颌窦底黏膜发挥天然的生物屏障膜的作用,同时,其本身具有成骨能力。研究还发现上颌窦底黏膜来源的上颌窦黏膜干细胞（maxillary sinus membrane stem cells, MSMSCs）具有间充质干细胞特性,可分化为成骨细胞,参与上颌窦底提升术后的窦底空间成骨;微小RNAs、长链非编码RNAs和环状RNAs等小分子RNA可调控MSMSCs成骨分化,这可能是促进窦底空间成骨重要的生物靶点。本文将从上颌窦底黏膜与上颌窦底提升成骨的关系、上颌窦底黏膜的屏障和成骨功能、参与窦底空间成骨的成骨细胞来源、上颌窦黏膜干细胞成骨分化的分子调控机制作一阐述。

关键词: 牙种植, 上颌窦底提升术, 上颌窦底黏膜, 上颌窦黏膜干细胞, 微小RNAs, 长链非编码RNAs, 环状RNAs, 成骨分化