Abstract:

Reducing the adhesion of microorganisms and the formation of biofilms on implant surfaces can prevent peri-implant inflammation and optimize the long-term prognosis of implanted dentures. To provide theoretical support for the development of new materials or the modification of existing materials and the improvement of the success rate of implant repair, a literature review was conducted, which shows that the factors influencing bacterial adhesion on dental implant surfaces included the type of implant material, material roughness, nonspecific physical and chemical properties, the type of antibacterial coating, the components of the acquired membrane on the implant surface, the structure of the bacterial cell wall, etc. The current research direction of implant materials aims to reduce bacterial adhesion and promote bone bonding. However, there is no consensus on the physical and chemical properties of implants that meet this requirement. At present, the development trend in implant materials is guided by research of the “core microbiome” of peri-implant inflammation, based on study of the factors related to the adhesion of pathogenic microorganisms to the implant surface, which is organically combined with a variety of modification methods to change the surface-related properties of the implant materials and even to endow the implant with antibacterial properties to reduce or inhibit the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria to the implant.

Key words: dental implant materials, bacterial adhesion, surface properties, surface modification, physical-chemical properties, antibacterial coating, acquired layer, cell wall, biofilm, peri-implant inflammation, core microbiome

摘要：

减少种植体表面微生物的黏附和生物膜的形成能够预防种植体周围炎的发生,优化种植义齿的远期预后。本文就口腔种植体表面影响细菌黏附因素的研究进行综述,以期为开发新型材料或改性现有材料、提高种植修复成功率提供理论支持。文献复习结果表明,口腔种植体表面影响细菌黏附的因素为种植体材料的种类、粗糙度、非特异性理化性质、抗菌涂层的种类、种植体表面获得性膜的成分、细菌细胞壁的结构等。种植体材料的研究方向为降低细菌黏附的同时促进骨结合,而符合这一要求的种植体应该具有的理化性质尚未达成共识。目前种植体材料的发展趋势是以种植体周围炎“核心微生物组”的研究为导向,基于致病微生物对种植体表面黏附相关因素的研究,有机结合多种改性方法改变种植体材料表面相关性质,甚至赋予种植体抗菌性能,以达到减少或抑制致病菌对种植体黏附的目的。

关键词: 牙种植体材料, 细菌黏附, 表面特性, 表面改性, 理化性质, 抗菌涂层, 获得性膜, 细胞壁, 生物膜, 种植体周围炎, 核心微生物组