The pulpal or periapical diseases of immature permanent teeth often lead to incomplete root development. It is a challenge for us to figure out how to ensure the continuous growth of the teeth and the formation of roots. There are many cases about pulp regeneration reported recently. With the regeneration and differentiation ability of stem cells, which exist in residual pulp tissue, periapical and periodontal tissues, the regeneration of new vital pulp tissue was induced under proper conditions, which is highly vascularized and rich in connective tissue, thus prompting continuous root growth and development, increasing root length, thickening root canal walls, and facilitating the coarctation of the apical foramen. Besides, clinical and radiographic examinations shows successful results about the regenerative treatment, which is of milestone significance. The pulp regeneration treatment is designed to replace the pathological dental pulp tissue with new regenerated pulp tissue, based on biological tissue engineering process. This process includes two key parts: one is pulp revascularization, regenerating new vital pulp tissue in the root canal to achieve the continuous root growth and development; the other is tissue engineering, new pulp dentin complex is regenerated by the stem cells under the induction of suitable biological active scaffolds and growth factors. This article reviews about the research progress and clinical characteristics of aforementioned two key parts.
Objective To investigate the effect of Ezrin on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EMT) in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) with cisplatin-resistance. Methods A MTT-based method was used to analyse the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of TSCC cell line CAL27 and its cisplatin-resistant cell line CAL27/CDDP. Bright-phase microscopic was used to observe the morphological changes. Western blot was used to detect for Vimentin, E-cadherin and Ezrin expression. Transwell assay was used to detect for invasion. After transfected Ezrin with siRNA, Ezrin, Vimentin and E-cadherin expression, as well as invasion, were furthered detected in CAL27/CDDP. Results IC50 of CAL27/CDDP increased by 6.8 fold compared to its parent cell line. CAL27 cells with polygonal morphology stimulated by cisplatin trans-differentiated into epithelioid structure with clustered shape and tight connection between the cells whereas CAL27/CDDP showed a mesenchymal phenotype with an elongated morphology. CAL27/CDDP showed upregulated Vimentin, downregulated E-cadherin and upregulated Ezrin expression, as well as increased invasion. After knocking down Ezrin with siRNA, Ezrin and Vimentin were downregulated but E-cadherin was upregulated in CAL27/CDDP, as well as decreased invasion. Conclusion Knocking down of Ezrin inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in TSCC with cisplatin-resistance.
Objective To explore the effect and changes in osteogenesis efficacy of CHA (Coral hydroxyapatite) composite grafts with fluoride in guided bone augmentation on rabbit skull. Methods Twenty-four rabbits were studied. Y500R CHA composite grafts contained fluoride and titanium cylinders were prepared. Two titanium cylinders on the test group’s rabbit skull were filled with composite grafts contain fluoride and non-fluoride grafts were filled in the control group. Cyclomycin and calcein were injected, After 2, 4 and 6 weeks, the animals were sacrificed to obtain ground sections for histology and histomorphometry. The general observation and area of highly fluorescent band of new bone formation was measured after sample treatment. Results Significantly more neogenesis bone was augmented in the test groups than the control group. The osteoplastic effect in the test group more athletic. The experimental data had statistical significance (F = 6.36, P = 0.019 3). Conclusion Low concentration (1.0 × 10 -7 mol/L ~ 5.0 × 10 -5 mol/L) fluoride can promote bone formation effectively.
Objective To study the protective effect of baicalin on oxidative stress- induced gingival epithelial cell apoptosisand its mechanism. Methods H2O2 was employed to form the oxidative stress-induced gingival epithelial cells apoptotic model, with the intervention of baicalin. The cell proliferation rate, cell apoptosis level, the protein expression of protein kinase B (Akt) and glycogen synthase kinase3β (GSK3β) were investigated respectively. Results Baicalin could effectively alleviate oxidative stress-induced inhibition of gingival epithelial cell proliferation and alleviate apoptosis; and it could promote the phosphorylation of Akt-GSK3β signaling pathway. Conclusion Baicalin has a significant protective effect on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of gingival epithelial cells, which may be related to the regulation of Akt-GSK3β signal pathway.
Objective To investigate the mutational characteristics of AXIN2 gene in a family affected by non-syndromic oligodontia and to provide a molecular basis for studying the pathogenesis of oligodontia. Methods A family of different descents with oligodontia, and some unrelated healthy controls were enrolled in our study. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples. Mutation analysis was performed by amplifying AXIN2 exons as well as their exon-intron boundaries and sequencing the products. Results DNA sequencing of AXIN2 gene revealed 3 mutations in the 2 patients with oligodontia: a homozygotic silent mutation c. Of which 1 mutation 365A > G (p.Pro455 = ) was in exon 3, and 2 mutations c.956 + 16A > G(Ⅱ-1: homozygosis; Ⅲ-1: heterozygosis) plus c.1200 + 71A > G (homozygosis) were in intron, which were possibly contributed to the structural and functional changes of proteins. Meanwhile, the heterozygotic mutations (c.1365A > G and c.1200 + 71A > G) were found in proband's mother (Ⅱ-2). Conclusion Our finding suggests the c.956 + 16A > G, c.1365A > G and c.1200 + 71A > G mutations of AXIN2 may be responsible for oligodontia phenotype in this Chinese family, certainly, an understanding of the exact function of AXIN2 in odontogenesis requires further detailed analysis of each stage of this process.
Objective To explore the sequence treatment of adult alveolar cleft by the method of mandibular bone transplantation for the repair of congenital adult alveolar bone defect and delayed implant restoration of missing teeth. Methods 10 patients with alveolar cleft patients were underwent alveolar bone grafting with mandibular chin bone graft, 11 dentinum implants were placed at the donor site after 5 months. Results 11 implants functioned well at the end of observation period. No bone graft was absorbed and the aesthetics effect was satisfactory. Conclusion The mandibular chin bone repairing alveolar cleft bone defect and installing implant can be a good sequence treatment method to adult congenital alveolar cleft.
Objective To review the clinical data of 3 050 patients with maxillofacial trauma in order to provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods During January 2010 to December 2014, 3 050 maxillofacial traumatic patients were selected in Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in this retrospective analysis regarding data of sex, age, causes of injury, occupation, geographic distribution, blood type, fracture site, multiple associated injuries, first admitted department, treatment result were reviewed. Results The male and female ratio was 3.9:1.1. 711 cases (56.1%) were between 20 to 40 years old. The traffic accident (1 055 cases, 34.6%) was the first traumatic cause. The zygomatic complex (707 cases, 23.2%), naso-orbital-ethmoid (650 cases, 21.3%), mandible (540 cases, 17.7%) were most vulnerable. Maxillofacial injury was often associated with brain injury (1 321 cases, 43.3%) and facial soft tissue contusion (1 275 cases, 41.8%). For the 2 632 maxillofacial fracture patients, the first admitted department included stomatology department (67.3%), orthopaedics (11.6%), brain surgery (8.4%), et al. The average score of AIS was 2.3 which was between moderate and severe. The treatment included operation treatment (1694 cases, 55.5%), and conservative treatment (1 356 cases, 44.5%). Conclusion Male took the majority part of injury for the maxillofacial traumatic patients. The 20 to 40 year old people occupated the highest proportion. Traffic accident was the first cause of injury meanwhile the fall injury proportion rose. Zygomatic complex, naso-orbital-ethmoid, mandible fracture were the most vulnerable injuries. Maxillofacial injury often combined with brain, chest, abdomen and other important organs. The patients were adimtted to the appropriate department according to the injury. The overall treatment effect was satisfied.
Objective To investigate the clinical effect of simultaneous and delayed surgery with cranial and maxillofacial fractures with multiple systemic injuries. Methods From January 2013 to January 2015, 85 cases of patients with multiple systematic injuries and maxillofacial fractures were treated in our hospital. Fractures of the maxillofacial parts and other parts of body were divided into 2 groups, 37 cases of delayed surgery, 48 of simultaneous surgery. The degree of neurologic impairment, occlusion, mouth opening, the time in hospital, postoperative complication rate were compared between two groups. Results There was no significant difference in the prognosis of the patients on the item of Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) in the simultaneous group and the delay group at 3 months after the operation (Z = -1.545, P = 0.122). The excellent occlusion rate of simultaneous group (93.75%) was significantly higher than the delayed group (75.68%) (χ 2 = 5.630, P = 0.018). The mouth opening of simultaneous group (34.5 ± 3.6) mm is significantly higher than the delayed group (28.9 ± 3.3) mm (χ 2 = 7.370, P < 0.001); The time in hospital of simultaneous group (28.5 ± 5.2) d was significantly shorter than delayed group (40.1 ± 5.7) d (χ 2 = 9.778, P < 0.001). The postoperative complication rate of simultaneous group (8.33%) was significantly lower than that in the delay group (24.32%) (χ 2 = 4.124, P = 0.042). Conclusion In the case of patients with appropriate trauma degree, for patients with cranial and maxillofacial fractures and multiple systematic injury, we can take multiple department combined surgical treatment, which can shorten hospitalization time. It is beneficial to the recovery of patients’ maxillofacial appearance and function. And combined operation will not affect the other combined injuries in the treatment effect.
Objective To evaluate the absorption of alveolar bone in anatomic impression and functional impression technique in the repairment of Kennedy class Ⅱ denture defect by cone beam CT(CBCT). Methods 16 patients with mandibular Kennedy ClassⅡ denture defect were randomly divided into the function group and the anatomical group (n = 8). The function group adopted the functional impression, the anatomical group used anatomic denture impression for denture making. Before denture wearing and after 6 months of normal use of denture, CBCT were used to measure the height of residual alveolar bone in the mesial and distal alveolar bone, and the height difference between the anterior and posterior teeth. Results After 6 months of denture wearing, the height difference of the mesial (n = 0.742, P < 0.05) and distal (t = 5.727, P < 0.05) of the terminal abutment alveolar bone in anatomical group is significantly higher than that of the function group (P < 0.05); the height of residual alveolar bone of anatomical group and functional group has no significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusion The denture made by function impression can reduce the absorption of alveolar bone in the mesial and distal of terminal abutment teeth, while different impression methods don’t have obvious influence on the absorption of residual alveolar bone during the short observation research term.
Objective To explore the prevalence of caries among 35-44 years old adults of Yao in Liannan, Northwest of Guangdong, in order to provide basis for the caries prevention. Methods 720 Yao individuals ranged from 35 to 44 years old living in Liannan country and township were selected by multistage stratified random sampling. And then, a cross-sectional survey of caries was carried out. Results The prevalence of caries among Yao adults of Liannan was 58.33%. The prevalence of people living in township was higher than those in country (χ 2 = 7.406, P=0.006). DFT (decay and filled tooth) was 5.63 ± 4.92. DFT of people living in township was higher than those in country (u = 2.704, P = 0.007). The filling rate of caries was 7.20％. The filling rate of people living in country was higher than those in township (χ 2 = 33.962, P<0.001). The average number of missing teeth was 3.04. The people living in township had more missing teeth than those in country (u=5.000, P<0.001). Conclusion There were significant differences between people living in township and country of Yao residents in Liannan, in caries prevalence, filling rate and missing teeth aspects. The filling rate of caries was low and the average number of missing teeth was high. Therefore, the prevention of dental caries should be focused on the people in township. The stomatological human resources should be allocated reasonably. We must intensify the promotion of necessity of caries treatment and carry out treatment of dental caries, in order to increase the filling rate of caries and decrease the number of missing teeth in township of Yao individuals in Liannan, which can improve their living qualities.
Objective To study the clinical effects of soft occlusal splint and hard occlusal splint on the treatment of sleep bruxism or clenching. Methods 58 patients with sleep bruxism or clenching were randomly treated with splints, 28 of them were treated with hard occlusal splint while the other 30 patients were treated with soft splints. All participants were asked to wear the splints during night and totally more than 8 h every day. Clinical effects such as muscle aches, bruxism or clenching habit and whether there are changes compared with before wearing were checked at 1, 2, 3, 6 months after treatment. The effective rates were compared by chi-square with SPSS 17.0. Results The effective rates of soft and hard splint were 93.33% and 82.14% after 6 months' treatment, and there was no significant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusion Both hard occlusal splint and soft occlusal splint have good effects, and soft splint is more acceptable because it is easy to make and comfortable to be worn.
Traditional implant treatment protocol acquires a long period of unloading status which results in many complains of patients. Researchers try to shorten the treatment period and simplify the surgical technique. Fluoride-modified implant surface, which can improve the early ossointegration, has more and more clinical application. This article makes a literature review of the immediate loading of fluoride-modified implants in recent years.
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