Traditional resin-based composites have been placed in cavities by incremental layering technique. The shrinkage stress may result in microleakage, post-operative sensitivity which lead to the failed restorations. In 2009, bulk-fill resin-based composites were reported to have the capability to be placed and cured in 4-5 mm increments, because of the improved resin matrix, modified nano-hybrid fillers and new photo initiators. This group of materials can simplify operation in clinical application in addition to decrease shrinkage stress and polymerization shrinkage. The aim of this review is to summarize the classification and properties of bulk-fill resin-based composites and to discuss the development of these new materials in the future.
Objective To investigate the effect of orthodontic and orthognathic treatment on patients with skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusionby studying the changes of soft and hard tissues in maxillofacial region, to analyze the correlation between soft and hard tissues in patients with skeletal classⅡ in order to provide reference and guidance for combination therapy. Methods 23 patients with skeletal classⅡmalocclusion treated by combined orthodontic and surgical treatment were selected, 21 parameters that can reflect the soft and hard tissue and the facial appearance were recorded in the imaging data before and after orthodontic-orthognathic treatment, The correlation between the soft and hard tissue of the patients before treatment was analyzed. Results There were significant differences between the before and after orthodontic-orthgnathic treatment in the 19 of above mentioned parameters, except for ANS-Me/N-Me(%) and Pg-Pg′ (mm). By analyzing the correlation between the hard tissue index and the soft tissue profile of the patients before treatment, it can be found that the facial aesthetics is influenced by many hard tissue parameters. Conclusion The effect of orthodontic and orthognathic technique in the treatment of skeletal ClassⅡ malocclusion is considerable. Hard tissue profile of patients with skeletal ClassⅡ malocclusion forms the basis and support of soft tissue profile. At the same time, soft tissue has some independence. However, the exact quantitative relationship remains to be further studied.
Objective A titanium personalized orthodontic bracket is designed and manufactured using the technology of computed tomography (CT), computer aided design (CAD), finite element analysis (FEA), and selective laser melting (SLM) to well match the patient tooth so as to realize mold-free manufacturing. Methods A model of a titanium personalized orthodontic bracket which is built by CT scanning machine and Pro/E software, is imported into Ansys software to carry out finite element simulation analysis with nonlinear contact method. Then, the titanium personalized orthodontic bracket is proposed after the model data above is imported to SLM molding equipment via titanium powder melted with layer by layer using a high-speed scanning galvanometer. Results The maximum equivalent stress of the titanium personalized orthodontic bracket is distributed uniformly and reasonably, the titanium personalized orthodontic bracket formed by SLM molding equipment can provide high accuracy and there is a high similarity between the bottom of the orthodontic bracket and the tooth surface shape. Conclusion The combination of CT, CAD, FEA, SLM technology can fulfill model-free manufacturing of the personalized orthodontic bracket and thus shorten the manufacturing cycle.
Objective To observe the effects of arecoline on the related protein expressions in the apoptosis of cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs), such as p-JNK, p-p53, and Bcl-2. Methods hPDLFs were isolated from human periodontal ligament tissues and expanded in vitro. hPDLFs were treated with different concentrations of arecoline (0, 20, 40 and 80 μg/mL) for 12 h. The proliferative activities were evaluated by MTT. The expressions of p-JNK, p-p53, and Bcl-2 were determined by Western blot. Results Arecoline inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis protein. The protein level of Bcl-2 was decreased, while p-JNK and p-p53 were increased (P < 0.05). The protein expressions were in a concentration-dependent manner with arecoline. Conclusion It demonstrates arecoline might contribute to the apoptosis of hPDLFs, and could destroy periodontal tissues.
Objective To explore the relationship betweenrheumatoid arthritis (RA) and chronic periodontitis (CP). Methods A total of 48 RA patients were recruited from the Rhematology Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (SUMC). RA patients were matched on age and gender with healthy controls, who were recruited from the Stomatology Department. Dental parameters including unstimulated salivary flow rate(UWS), stimulated salivary flow rate (SWS), bleeding on probe (BOP), periodontal probing pocket (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and decayed, missing and filling (DMF) were recorded in all cases. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and Anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (Anti-CCP) were also recorded in RA patients. Results There were significant difference between RA group and health control group on salivary flow rate, BOP, PD, CAL and DMF (P< 0.001). Higher percentage of RA patients were diagnosed as periodontal disease than those in control group (P< 0.001). There was relationship between CAL and Anti-CCP antibody (P< 0.001). Conclusion RA patients have higher risk of CP, and there might be relationship between RA and CP.
Objective To investigate the clinical effects of micro implant anchorage nail and Ni-Ti coilspring to lower the elongation molar. Methods 60 patients with the first maxillary molar elongation were divided into 2 groups. 30 of them were treated with micro implant anchorage nail and Ni-Ticoil spring to lower the molar (observation group), and the other 30 patients were treated with segmental arch to lower the molar (control group). The average lowering time, depth and pain degree of the 2 groups were compared. Results The average lowering time was faster and the overage lowering depth was greater in the observation group than that in the control group; the slight pain rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), while the ratio of moderate pain and severe pain was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion To lower the elongation molar with micro implant anchorage nail and Ni-Ti coilspring might have shorter course and less pain.
Objective To discuss the demand and security of tooth extraction under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation for the special needs patients. Methods From January 2014 to December 2015, the cases of tooth extraction under general anesthesia were collected to analyse the demand and security of tooth extraction with general anesthesia. Results 54 patients were recruited in the study in which 11 were with serious limitation of mouth opening, 10 were with serious cardiovascular disease risk, 2 were with history of epilepsy, 13 were with serious dental phobia, and 18 were incoordination patients. All the operations were performed successfully and safely, and all the scores of post anesthetic discharge scoring system exceeded 9 points. No developed complications were showed in 1 day, 1 week, 1 month follow-up. Conclusion Tooth extraction under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation is a safe way for special needs patients.
Objective To investigate the position of temporomandibular joint and its relationship with gender and side in asymptomatic volunteers by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods The study was based on bilateral MRIs of 30 asymptomatic volunteers, including 15 females and 15 males. A total of 60 temporamandibular joints were scanned oblique-sagittally and oblique-coronarily at mouth closed positions. Classification of the position of temporomandibular joint disc was identified and analyzed according to MRI. Results Superior disk position was observed in 45 joints (75%), consisting of 20 in female plus 25 in male, and 23 at the right side plus 22 at the left side. Anterior disk position was observed in 7 joints (11.67%), consisting of 5 in female plus 2 in male, and 5 at the right side plus 2 at the left side. Lateral disk position was observed in 6 joints (10%), consisting of 3 in female plus 3 in male, and 2 at the right side plus 4 at the left side. Medial disk position was observed in 2 joints (3.33%), consisting of 0 in female plus 2 in male, and 0 at the right side plus 2 at the left side. No posterior disk position was observed in asymptomatic volunteers. There was no significant difference between genders or sides (P> 0.05). Conclusion Superior disk positionexists in most of asymptomatic volunteers. Disc displacement also existsin asymptomatic volunteers, however it is not associated with gender and side. Rotational anterolateral positon is the main type of disc displacement in asymptomatic volunteers.
Objective The aim was to compare and document the aesthetic influences on peri-implant soft tissues between the immediate and early implant placement in the aesthetic area. Methods 22 patients with single anterior teeth missing were included and divided into 2 group. Group A (12cases): Following the extraction of teeth, 12 Zimmer implants were immediately placed into sockets. Group B (10 cases): 4~8 weeks after the extraction, 10 Zimmer implants were early placed into the healing sockets. Zirconia crowns were applied on the implants 6 months later after implantation. The peri-implant soft tissues in both group were examined and evaluated by pink esthetic score (PES) 6~12 months later. Analysis of the data was performed by software SPSS 13.0. Results The mean PES was 9.27 (clinical acceptance) for all of the implants. No significant were found for any of the parameters between the treatment modalities regardness of total PES or single PES. However there were significant differences in the following aspects: the correlation between periodontal disease and papilla, the correlation between gingival biotype and mesial papilla, the correlation between gingival biotype and alveolar process deficiency, the correlation between Implant location and midfacial soft tissue level. Conclusion There are no significant differences between immediate placement and early placement on the aesthetic outcome of peri-implant soft tissues. The aesthetic outcome are related to patients oral health condition and clinicians skills.
Objective To compare the clinical effects of the two methods of intruding overerupted molars by microscrews. Methods 21 overerupted molars were selected and ramdomly divided into group A and group B. Group A was implanted with one microscrew anchorage at the side of the buccolingual tongue, and the force was produced by the tension spring. Group B was implanted with two microscrews combined with nickel - titanium fragments to lower the molars. The distances, velocities and microscrew anchorage failure rates were measured and compared between the two groups. Results Two methods can achieve significant depressing effect, however, the failure rate of micro-screws was different in the two methods. The failure rates of group A and group B were 27.3% and 5.0%, respectively. The average speed of group A was 0.37 mm / month, and group B was 0.33 mm / month. Conclusion Both microscrew anchorage methods can effectively intrude overerupted upper molars. The speed of intrusion with microscrews directly is faster than NiTi Segmental arch and microscrews, but the implant failure of microscrews is higher.
Objective To investigate the effectiveness of fluoride varnish in preventing first permanent molars caries inschool-age children and provide necessary information for oral health instruction. Methods 378 children aged 6-7 years old in the first grade of primary school in dahua country, hechi city, Guangxi province (1 053 first permanent molars) were randomly recruited into 2 groups. The test group (542 first permanent molars in 191 children) was treated with fluoride varnish one time in a half year and given oral hygiene instruction 3 times; The control group (511 first permanent molars in 187 children) was only given oral hygiene instruction 3 times. All first permanent molars were checked after 18 months later for caries. Results After intervention, the caries prevalence rate in the test group raised from 21.99% to 27.75% compared with the control group from 24.60% to 37.43%. The caries incidence rate in test and control group was 5.76% and 12.83% respectively. There was a significant difference between 2 groups regardless of caries prevalence, caries incidence, the DMFT reduction, the DMFs reduction, the occlusal caries prevalence, the pit and fissure caries prevalence, the proximal caries prevalence. Conclusion Semi-annual application of fluoride varnish is effective in the prevention of dental caries in first permanent molars , which was worth of being popularized in clinic.
Objective To compare the bacteriostatic effect of two disinfections on the surface of frequently touched objects in dental clinic, so as to provide the reference for proper disinfection. Methods Specimens from the control panel and surface of examination table of comprehensive treatment chair were taken for bacterial culture, record the bacteria content on the objects surface. Then disinfect the objects surface by using 500 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant (routing group) and Gamma disinfecting wet wipes (test group) respectively, compare the qualified rate of bacteriostasis on object surfaces between two group. Results After 10-minute disinfection on surfaces, bacteriostatic rate of routing group and test group was (91.66 ± 7.52)% and (93.87 ± 6.12)% respectively, there was no significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion The quaternary ammonium disinfectant for the dental clinic objects can reach the same effect as chlorine-containing disinfectant.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging is a new magnetic resonance imaging inspection method, which can reflect the imageological change of cerebral cortex when human body is doing various functional movements. The functional movements of the oral cavity such as chewing, gustation, swallowing which is closely related to the changes in the cerebral cortex. Recent years, scholars home and abroad had done many oral researches by fMRI. The results of these studies have great guiding significance to the clinical work and research. It indicates that we can explore more clinical diseases through fMRI technology. This article summarizes the application of fMRI in oral functional research.
The lack of proper denture cleaning can put patients who wearing dentures at higher risk from opportunistic oral infections, particularly fungal. The methods for cleaning dentures can be divided into mechanical and chemical. Although the aforementioned methods seem to be effective, however, underused long-term and inappropriately care might not sufficient to control the growth of fungi and other microorganisms that easily adhere to the inner structure of acrylic resin. Denture cleaning should be quickly and easily to perform, especially in long-term care facilities. The use of a microwave oven has been suggested for cleaning and disinfecting dentures. There was no standardization for microwave use for denture cleaning. This review paper aims to synthesize and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using a conventional microwave oven to clean and disinfect complete dentures and its potential risk for causing structural damage.
Long-term stability is an important part of orthodontic treatment and wearing a retainer is one of the methods to keep stable after active orthodontic treatment. Transparent film retainer and Hawley retainer are two kinds of retainer usually used in clinical treatment. the previous one is easy to made, comfortable and beautiful to wear, easily damaged. Hawley retainer is relatively complex to made and in a large size. And it is durable and adjustable. However, there are differences between these retainers on the retaining effects in different types of malocclusion. In clinical treatment, according to the type of malocclusion, we choose the appropriate retainer to keep stable occlusal relationship after orthodontic treatment.
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