Many prevalent risk factors are shared by periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases. Strong evidence supports an independent association between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases. However, the pathogenic mechanisms is not very clear. This article summarizes the relationship between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases, and the effects of periodontal treatment on the cardiovascular diseases risks. In addition, both direct and indirect mechanisms proposed are also elucidated.
Objective To compare the inflammatory reaction of peritoneal macrophage after Pg-LPS stimulated in healthy rabbit and hyperlipidemia rabbit. Methods 12 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups with 6 rabbits in each group, and normal diet and high-fat diet were fed to them respectively. The hyperlipidemia model was set up after 6 weeks. The peritoneal macrophage in normal and hyperlipidemia group were isolated and cultured, and then the cells in both groups were respectively divided into 3 groups: control, 1 μg/mL Pg-LPS, and 1 μg/mL E.coli-LPS. After 24 h treatment, the expressions of C-reaction protein (CRP), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) , interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by realtime PCR. Results The levels of CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were higher in hyperlipidemia control group than normal control group. The expressions of inflammatory substances were increased after stimulated by Pg-LPS, and statistically higher in hyperlipidemia rabbit group than normal group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Pg-LPS can enhance the mRNA expressions of inflammation related factors in peritoneal macrophage in hyperlipidemia rabbit.
Objective To explore the dental deciduous teeth caries among 3-5-year-old children in Guangdong Province and to provide information support for oral health care of Guangdong Province. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 2 592 urban and rural residents in Guangdong. Subjects were from three different age groups (aged 3, 4 and 5), with 864 children in each group. Male and female were 1:1 in each group. An equal sized sampling with stratified multistage method was used. According to the criteria of clinical dentition examination of the fourth national oral health survey, the dental caries in deciduous teeth were recorded using CPI probe. And then the prevalence, the mean dmft (decayed-missing-filled tooth), the filled rate were calculated. Results The prevalence of dental caries in deciduous teeth in the three groups of aged 3, aged 4, aged 5 were 58.33%, 68.40%, and 78.47% independently; the mean dmft were 3.03, 4.34, and 5.69 independently; the filled rate were 0.92%, 1.47%, 1.26% independently. There were significant differences in the prevalence and the mean dmft between urban and rural areas and among different age groups. There was no significant difference in the prevalence regarding the gender in each group, The mean dmft in the group of aged 3 in female were higher than that in male, while no gender differences were found in the groups of aged 4 and aged 5. The prevalence and the mean dmft of 5-year-old children were higher than that in 2005. Conclusion The 3-5-year-old children of Guangdong Province had a really high prevalence of dental caries in deciduous teeth. More than 98% of the caries are unfilled, treatment need is extremely huge. The 3-5-year-old children are the main target for us to prevent the early childhood caries.
Objective To explore the caries status of permanent teeth among 12-15-year-old population in Guangdong Province, and to provide information support for oral health care. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 7 680 urban and rural residents in Guangdong Province. Subjects were from four different age groups (aged 12, 13, 14 and 15), with 1 920 people in each group. An equal-sized stratified multistage randomly sampling was used, with a gender ratio of half to half in each group. According to the criteria of clinical dentition examination of the fourth national oral health survey, the crown caries of permanent teeth in the whole mouth were recorded using CPI probe. And then the prevalence, the mean DMFT (decayed-missing-filled tooth), the filled rate were calculated. Results The prevalence of crown caries in the groups of aged 12, aged 13, aged 14, aged 15 were 43.07%, 45.31%, 49.69%, 52.86%, respectively. The mean DMFTs were 1.06, 1.13, 1.38, 1.59, respectively. The filled rates were 20.19%, 21.50%, 22.86%, 21.33%, respectively. The prevalence and the mean DMFT increased with age (P < 0.001), and both were higher than that in 2005. There were significant differences in the prevalence and the mean DMFT between urban and rural areas and between male and female (P < 0.001). Conclusion According to the criteria of the mean DMFT in 12-year-old population of WHO, the severity of caries of permanent teeth in Guangdong was regarded as "very low". But the severity was higher than that in 2005, and the filled rate was low.
Objective To investigate the current status of caries on permanent teeth in a population of 55-74-year-old in Guangdong Province, thus to provide scientific basis for the establishment of oral health care policies in Guangdong. Methods An equal-sized stratified multi-stage randomly sampling design was applied to obtain representative sample groups consisted of 288 Guangdong residents each, aged at either 55-64 or 65-74 years old, with a gender ratio of half to half. The caries on the crowns and roots of permanent teeth were assessed according to "The Guideline for the 4th National Oral Health Survey"; thereafter the prevalence and mean DFT (decayed and filled tooth) of permanent teeth were calculated. Results In the population of 55-64-year-old, the prevalence of crown caries was 77.08%, with a mean DFT of 2.94, and a filled rate of 21.87%; while the prevalence of root caries was 59.38%, with a mean DFT of 1.82, and a filled rate of 9.18%; and the prevalence of residual roots was 46.18%. In the population of 65-74-year-old, the prevalence of crown caries was 81.25%, with a mean DFT of 3.45, and a filled rate of 16.40%; while the prevalence of root caries was 63.19%, with a mean DFT of 2.34, and a filled rate of 9.18%; and the prevalence of residual roots was 50.35%. In the population of 55-64-year-old, the prevalence and the mean DFT of crown caries were higher in female when compared to male. And the mean DFT of root caries were higher in countryside when compared to the urban opponents. In the population of 65-74-year-old, the female had higher mean DFT score in crown caries than that in male. And the prevalence of caries of root and mean DFT of root caries were higher in countryside than that in the urban opponents. Conclusion There was a high level of crown and root caries in Guangdong adults, while the filling rate was low, most of the involved teeth were not filled.
Objective To detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in oral lichen planus (OLP). Methods Thirty OLP patients and fifteen healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Serum were collected from 15 healthy volunteers as controls. Normal tissues were collected from surgical department as immunohistochemical analysis. The levels of VEGF, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 in serum were measured by ELISA. Immunohistochemical analysis of VEGF, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 were carried out by the means of primary antibodies and anti-VEGF, anti-CD106 antigen (VCAM-1) and anti-CD54 antigen (ICAM-1). Results ELISA results showed no expression differences for VEGF between the two groups. Whereas, the levels of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 in OLP group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical results reveal the presence of a significant angiogenesis in OLP patients through the immunoexpression of VEGF, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 according to the percentage of stained cells (P < 0.05). Conclusion Regarding the results, it seems that high expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 are related to oral lichen planus.
Objective To investigate the association between interleukin-6 -572 gene polymorphism and aggressive periodontitis. Methods A case-control study involved 83 patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and 69 health controls was held, and the genotype and allele distributions of interleukin-6 -572 gene polymorphism were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. Results There was statistically significant differences in the genotype distribution by the chi-square test in the two groups (χ2 = 13.710, P=0.001). The distribution of allele frequencies in AgP group was statistically different (χ2=13.213, P < 0.001) from the healthy control group, and the OR for the G allele is 2.988 (95%CI: 1.634-5.465) when compared with the C allele. Conclusion IL-6 -572 gene polymorphism is associated with the susceptibility to AgP in Chinese Han population of Guangdong, and the IL-6 -572 G allele might be a risk factor of the genetic susceptibility to AgP.
Objective To investigate the failure reasons of all-ceramic restorations fabricated with chair-side CAD-CAM technology (CEREC®) and to improve the clinical survival of all-ceramic restorations. Methods All-ceramic single-tooth restorations of CEREC® in stomatology hospital of Jiangsu province between 2013 and 2016 were summarized. By clinical examination and CEREC Biogeneric surveying, the failure reasons and related restoration types were evaluated. These results were analyzed with Chi-square test and Spearman correlation analysis. Results A total of 61 cases with restoration types of 11 inlays, 38 onlays, 2 endocrowns, and 11 all-crowns, resulted in a failure rate of 5.4% in all-ceramic single-tooth restorations in 1-4 years follow-up. The reasons for failure included ceramic fracture (n=33), debonding (n=13), tooth fracture (n=15), which attributed to thin ceramic thickness (n=27), acute line angle (n=6), insufficient enamel bulk (n=3), insufficient retention type (n=10), insufficient resistance type (n=15). Conclusion The most common reason for failure in CEREC® restorations was insufficient preparation space in occlusal surface.
Objective To explore the correlation between oral mucosal lichen planus and Helicobacter pylori infection by analyzing the infection status of Helicobacter pylori in patients with oral mucosal lichen planus. Methods 14C- urea breath test was done in 69 patients with oral lichen planus and 28 patients with chronic inflammation of oral mucosa. Detection of serum anti Helicobacter pylori antibody was done in 32 patients (23 with oral lichen planus and 9 with chronic inflammation of oral mucosa) at the same time. Results The positive rate of 14C-urea breath test was 68.12% in patients with oral lichen planus and 46.43% in chronic inflammation of oral mucosa. There was significant difference between the 2 groups (χ2=3.970, P=0.046). The positive rate of anti Helicobacter pylori antibody was 52.17% in patients with oral lichen planus and 22.22% in chronic inflammation of oral mucosa, and there was no significant difference between the 2 groups (χ2=2.358, P=0.125). Conclusion The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with oral lichen planus is higher, and there is a relevance between oral lichen planus and Helicobacter pylori infection.
Objective To investigate the efficiency of combined application of dental endoscope and ultrasonic technique in treating concealed root canals. Methods 87 complicated and difficult cases which were not found root canals during endodontic treatment by naked eyes were selected. The canal orifices were probed and negotiated with the aid of dental endoscope and ultrasonic instruments. And the success rate was recorded. Results 121 concealed root canals which from 87 complicated and difficult cases were classified into 64 calcified canals, 39 narrow curved canals and 18 canals with anatomic variation. Among them, 94 canals were found and then negotiated, and the total success rate was 77.68%. There was no significant difference between the success rates in treating calcified root canals, narrow curved canals and canals with anatomic variation (χ2=5.477, P > 0.05). Conclusion The combined application of dental endoscope and ultrasonic instruments can effectively improve the success rate of finding and negotiating concealed canals.
Objective To explore the effects of lipoic acid in the treatment of burning mouth syndrome. Methods From May 2015 to May 2016, patients with burning mouth syndrome were selected and divided into experimental group (n=14) and control group (n=15). Patients were treated with lipoic acid in the experiment group while oryzanol, vitamin B2 and vitamin were given in the control group. The pain degrees in two groups were compared before and after treatment, and the adverse drug reaction were monitored during the process. Results Before and after 1 week treatment, there was no statistical difference between VAS scores in two groups (P > 0.05). However, there were significant differences after 2 or 3 weeks (P < 0.05). Improvement of VAS score was found in both groups after treatment (P < 0.05). No adverse drug reaction was found during the treatment. Conclusion Lipoic acid can relieve the pain of patients with burning mouth syndrome.
With the development of implant technology, digital implant surgical guides have been used for precise implant position, angulation and depths of insertion, bringing great advantages such as shortening the operation time, reducing the risk of surgery, flapless implantation. Meanwhile, the disadvantages can't be neglected such as complicated production process, high cost, low precision etc. This article focuses on production, classification and accuracy of the digital implant surgical guide technology.
With the development of nanomaterials and nanotechnology, nanomedicine possesses the vast application prospects in the field of cancer therapy. Although the proportion of radiotherapy in cancer comprehensive therapy is rising, the radiotherapy resistance of cancer cells and the side effects of radiotherapy are the existing problems. Compared with the traditional radiotherapy sensitization, it will present a higher treatment efficiency and lower toxicity to introduce nanomaterials and nanotechnology to cancer radiotherapy. This review elaborates the research of nanomaterials and nanotechnology on cancer radiotherapy sensitization.
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