Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is the most common cancer of head and neck malignancies. Despite advances in therapeutic management, the prognosis for TSCC patients has remained poor. Local or regional relapse and cervical lymph node metastasis are clinical challenges. This review has introduced the research progress on cancer invasion and metastasis related genes, micro RNAs, EMT and cancer stem cells behavior and so on. With the further study on the mechanisms of invasion and metastasis of TSCC, the difficulties might be overcome.
Objective To study the animal model suitable for the observation of early osteogenesis on the surface of titanium implant. Methods Modify implants mode which the outer thread of the implant next to the osteotomy bone wall while the inter thread keep a certain distance to osteotomy bone wall was adopted in the 1-year-old male Beagle dogs.After extraction of all mandibular premolars and first molar bilaterally in the 4 dogs, 20 implants replaced the position. All sections were stained for histological analysis. Results The surgical wound in the 4 dogs healed by first intention. The titanium implants have good stability. The formation of the new bone, which include the contact osteogenesis and distanceosteogenesis, was observed as it progressed not only in the surface of the osteotomy bone wall but also in the surface of the implants. Conclusion The established animal model is suitable for the observation of both early osteogenesis in implant and the influences of implant surface properties to the early osteogenesis.
Objective To explore the role of Wnt signaling pathway in the process of epithelial layer's disappearance when Oxydiethanoldiethylene GlcNAc influence development of upper lip. Methods The over/lower-expression of O-GlcNAc and reverse-high expression experimental group was constructed by transplanting beads into the upper lip of chicken embryo which contain O-GlcNAc promoter OGT (O-GlcNAc transferase), O-GlcNAc inhibitor OGA (O-GlcNAcase) or OGA inhibitor STZ(streptozoticin). and kept incubation for 24 h. Phenotypic analysis of skeletal and morphological changes were performed by using Alizarin Red/Alcian Blue method. TUNEL assay was performed to analyze the cell apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry method was performed to test the Wnt signaling pathway including GSK-3β, β-catenin. Results In the group OGZ and STZ where O-GlcNAc was overexpressed, disappearance of the epithelial layers was delayed, embryo lips appeared bone defect in bonestaining, compared with the normal group, obvious cell apoptosis has not been found in TUNEL detection.But expression of GSK-3 beta increased in the cytoplasm, expression of beta-catenin nucleus reduced, upper lip development of normal side and the low expression of O-GlcNAc in the OGA group were not affected. Conclusion Overexpression of O-GlcNAc may lead to a delay of epithelial disappearance which was not caused by the apoptosis but maybe caused by inhibiting Wnt signaling pathway. The process can change related signaling factors including GSK-3 beta, beta-catenin, which may influence the development of upper lip and in the end lead to cleft lip and palate.
Objective To investigate the influence of the air abrasion on the resin filling microtensile bond strength of deciduous tooth. Methods 24 primary molars were randomly divided into 2 groups. Crown enamel was removed to expose dentin. Superficial occlusal dentin were prepared by air abrasion or high-speed dental bur. Two samples were selected from each group. One of them was directly observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the other was observed by SEM after etching. The rest of samples were restored with the composite resin. Microtensile test was used to examine the microtensile bond strength. Results The microtensile bond strength of air abrasion group was (24.470±3.194) Mpa, which was statistically higher than that of high-speed dental bur group (22.294±2.268) Mpa (P<0.05). The tooth prepared by air abrasion with etching showed the characteristic of "honeycomb" pattern in SEM micrograghs, while the tooth in the control group showed a shallow shape. Conclusion Air abrasion preparation can improve the microtensile bond strength in dentin restorations with the composite resin.
Objective To establish the three-dimensional finite element simulation model of periodontal membrane by micro-CT scanning data. Methods A human maxillary jaw segment containing central incisor was scanned with micro-CT for section images, which were managed with Mimics software to form a geometric model. The model was imported to remesh module for optimization and then the three-dimentional finite element model was constructed by Ansys. Results The three-dimensional finite element models encompassing 12 936 nodes and 6 400 tetrahedral element, which highly resemble the structure of periodontal ligament. Tooth (60 872 nodes and 42 144 tetrahedral element) and alveolar bone models (41 472 nodes and 32 339 tetrahedral element) were constructed successfully. Conclusion The three-dimen- sional finite element simulation model of periodontal membrane can be established by micro-CT combined with Mimics and Ansys software. After adding the corresponding tooth alveolar bone, it can be further used in orthodontic biomechanicsanalysis.
Objective To explore the influence of impacted maxillary central incisor on craniofacial structure and its orthodontic treatment. Methods A total of 63 subjects with impacted upper central incisors were selected and categorized into the mixed (n=32) and permanent dentition group (n=31). By using the lateral cephalograms of each subject, 15 angular and 6 linear measurements were made. The cephalometric data were analyzed and compared to data of its corresponding control group with normal occlusion. Results Among the etiological factors of all 63 cases with impacted upper incisors, supernumerary teeth, dentigerous cyst or odontoma, mechanical trauma and idiopathic factors comprise of 6.3%, 6.3%, 12.4% and 73% respectively. Cephalometric analysis demonstrated a more retruded position of "A" point with decreased SNA and ANB angle in incisor impaction group. Dental compensations followed the decreased ANB angle with more proclined upper incisor and more upright lower incisor. In early stage of root development (stage 7 and 8 of Nolla's method), 12 out of 13 incisors were tracted successfully, whereas in late stage( stage 9 and 10), 7 out of 15 incisors were extracted. Conlusions Upper central incisor impaction adversely influences maxillary development. Early orthodontic treatment can improve successful rate and gain a better root morphology.
Objective To evaluate the accuracy of cone beam CT (CBCT) in calculating the volume of the bone defect in alveolar cleft. Methods 14 patients with unilateral alveolar cleft were included in this study. Their image data were collected by CBCT scan and imported in the Mimics 10.01 software. The volume of the bone defect in alveolar cleft was calculated by Mimics 10.01 software. The real bone volumes transplanted during operation were measured by sterile syringes and were compared with preoperative CBCT data. Results The volume of bone defect from CBCT calculation was (2.78±0.70) mL, while the real volume obtained in operation was (2.88±0.70) mL. There was no significant difference between the CBCT data and the real bone defect (P>0.05). The accuracy of CBCT in predicting bone defect volume was (95.09±2.56)%. Conclusion The combination of CBCT data and Mimics software can evaluate the bone defect volume in alveolar cleft accurately.
Objective To investigate the feasibility of orthodontic treatment of skeletal class Ⅲ with asymmetric orthodontic tooth extraction. Methods A case of patient with skeletal class Ⅲ was examined by the clinical, model, X-ray and other examinations to analyze the causes and problems. The correct plan was made and the straight wire appliance was applied. Mandibular bilateral extraction and unilateral asymmetric tooth extraction method was used to adjust the uncoordinated sagittal relationship between the upper and lower mandible. Results After 25 months of treatment,the patient's profile was improved. There was no skeletal Class Ⅲ unique concave type profile appeared and good incisal guide and balanced occlusal relationship was obtained. Conclusion Maxillary teeth reduction of patients with skeletal Class Ⅲ should be carefully used. But for some special cases, after a period of the treatment, asymmetric tooth extraction can be applied according to the upper dentition crowding, upper and lower midline and subsequent facial changes.
Objective To compare the effectiveness of an Er:YAG laser and mechanical debridement for the treatment of peri-implantitis. Methods 22 cases of peri-implantitis patients were divided into 2 groups according to the single blind randomized control principle. The experimental group was treated by Er:YAG laser irradiation, the laser energy was set to 100 mJ/pulse, frequency of 10 Hz; plastic curette and 0.2% chlorhexidine antimicrobial therapy was used in the control group. Clinical periodontal index test including plaque index, bleeding index, probing depth and clinical attachment level was conducted at baseline, 3 months and 6 months. Results At baseline, the difference of clinical periodontal index between the experimental group and the control group had no statistical significance (P>0.05). After 3 months of treatment (P<0.01) and 6 months (P<0.05), bleeding index, plaque index of test group and control group had significant difference. Probing depth was reduced by 3 and 6 months after treatment in both 2 groups, and the probing depth had significant difference (P<0.05); while clinical attachment level value showed no statistical significance between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The research shows that the Er:YAG laser treatment can significantly improve peri implant inflammation level, effectiveness of peri-implantitis control is superior than the mechanical curettage treatment.
Objective To investigate the relationship between gravity center movement and bite force during the mixed dentition period. Methods Fifty-six healthy children with Hellman's Dental Age Ⅲ A were selected from an elementary school. The body balance, distance and area of gravity center movement (GCM) were measured with automatic posture analytical devices. Occlusal abilities were measured with pressure-sensitive sheets (Dental Prescale?), including occlusal contacts area, average occlusal pressure, maximum occlusal pressure, occlusal force and occlusal balance. Results The occlusal contact area and bite force test results of male and female group were 18.1 mm 2, 712.2 N and14.1 mm 2, 541.8 N, The differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). The occlusal contact area and bite force in occlusal balance point in normal group and offset group had correlation and statistical significance (P＜0.05). The distance and area of postural sway during open and closed eyes period of occlusal balance point in normal group was much less than occlusal balance point in offset group. Occlusal balance and distance and area of postural sway druing open and closed eyes period had correlation and statistically significance (P＜0.05). Occlusal contact areas of gravity center movement were significantly greater than those of offset group (P＜0.05). Conclusion There are correlation between A stage of Hellman occlusal development of children's occlusal balance and gravity center movement. Occlusal contact area and gravity center movement interact with each other.
Objective To investigate the effectiveness of fluoride varnish in preventing primary caries in 3-5 years old children in the kindergarten collective environment and provide necessary information for oral health care plans. Methods Children aged 3-5 years old were randomly assigned into two study groups. The test group was treated with fluoride varnish and given oral hygiene instruction semi-annually for 4 times; the control group was only given oral hygiene instruction semi-annually. Follow-up examinations were conducted after 4 interventions to monitor primary caries increment among these children. Results After intervention, the caries prevalence of test group raised from 51.61% to 59.14%, with incidence of 7.53% at last. In the control group, the prevalence before and after was 52.61% and 73.93%, with the incidence of 21.33%. The differences of the prevalence, the dmft value and the incidence between the test group and control group were significant. Conclusion Semi-annual application of fluoride varnish is effective in the prevention of dental caries in primary teeth of children and can improve the oral health of children.
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
