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20 August 2016, Volume 24 Issue 8
    

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    Expert Forum
  • Jiang CHEN,Lin ZHOU
    Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases. 2016, 24(8): 441-444. https://doi.org/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2016.08.001
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    Nowadays, dental implant is the first therapeutic choice of the edentulous patients. A firm functional soft tissue seal between the transmucosal part of implants and the surrounding soft tissues is significant to the long-term survival of the implant as well as the stable osseointegration. There are many research on the osseointegration, but less in the transmucosal part of the implant. In this review, we combined the implant neck design of our own with the international study in this field, in order to discuss the relationship between the implant neck design and the marginal bone loss, interact with the soft tissue, the antibacterial activity.

  • Special Articles
  • Dan WANG,Jia NI,Yuan SU,Dong-ying XUAN,Jin-cai ZHANG
    Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases. 2016, 24(8): 445-448. https://doi.org/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2016.08.002
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    Objective To investigate the effects of chronic periodontitis on kidney function of OLETF rats.Methods 30 spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) OLETF rats aged 4 weeks were selected as the experimental objects, and 20 LETO rats with normal sugar tolerance of the same species and the same week age were selected as the control group. When the rats arrived the glucose tolerance damage stage at the age of 36 weeks, 26 OLETF rats (O group) were divided into diabetes mellitus combined periodontitis group (O CP(+) group) and diabetic group (O CP(-) group) randomly, and 20 LETO rats (L group) were randomly divided into periodontitis group (L CP(+) group) and normal group (L CP(-) group). Then the chronic periodontis models were established on the rats in the O CP(+) group and L CP(+) group, by silk thread ligation combined with coated bacteria. All the rats were executed at the 56 weeks age, when the models were established for 20 weeks. The serum was collected and analyzed by automatic biochemical machine to measure the biochemical indicators of renal function, including the following 4 indexes: serum albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), urea and creatinine (CR).Results The levels of serum TP and ALB decreased significantly in O group than in L group (P < 0.01), as the same result when compared O CP(+) group with O CP(-) group (P<0.01), however, there was no significant difference when compared L CP(+) group to L CP(-) group. Serum CR was significantly higher in O group than in L group (t = 9.099, P = 0.005), the same as that in O CP(+) group when compared with O CP(-) group (t = 4.443, P < 0.001), while there was no significant difference when compared L CP(+) group to L CP(-) group. Serum urea levels in O group was significantly higher than in L group (t = 5.684, P = 0.024), While there was no significant difference between O CP(+) group and O CP (-) group (t = 1.484, P = 0.160), the same as that between L CP(+) group and L CP(-) group (t = 0.075, P = 0.932).Conclusion It shows that chronic periodontitis may not cause changes in kidney function in normal rats. However, in the case of T2DM, chronic periodontitis may increase the existing kidney damage. It indicates that T2DM and chronic periodontitis may have interactions in the development of diabetic kidney disease.

  • Basic Study
  • Li-xia WU,Li-li ZHANG,Yuan-qin WANG,Lei LI,Shan-shan LIANG
    Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases. 2016, 24(8): 449-453. https://doi.org/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2016.08.003
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    Objective To evaluate the inflammatory cytokine expressions of inflamed human gingival fibroblast cells (iHGFs) stimulated in 4 types of dental metal extractions.Methods Inflamed gingival tissues from 10 patients with periodontitis were collected, and primary iHGFs were cultured. The cells were stimulated by Co-Cr, Ti alloy, pure Ti and Au-Pd alloy extractions respectively, and DMEM was used as blank control. Protein productions of pro-inflammatory mediators and related mRNA expressions were measured with ELISA and RT-PCR. Statistics were tested with Wilcoxon matched-pairs test.Results ELISA and RT-PCR results showed the protein and mRNA expressions of interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α in Ni-Cr and Ti alloy groups were both higher than the control group (z = 2.803, P = 0.005). However, there was no significant difference in pure Ti and Au-Pd groups compared with the control group (P > 0.05).Conclusion Pure Ti and Au-Pd alloy have a better biocompatibility than Co-Cr and Ti alloy in inflamed periodontal tissues.

  • Xiao-wei JIA,Lei CHEN,Jun SHAO,Xiao-fang XU,Ya-di YUAN,Chang-jing WU
    Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases. 2016, 24(8): 454-458. https://doi.org/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2016.08.004
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    Objective To analyze the tooth movement distance and root resorption in rats under different orthodontic forces, to explore the effect of orthodontic force on the root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement.Methods 64 male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats aged 10 months weighting 220-270 g in this study. 10 g and 30 g nickel-titanium closed-coil springs were applied mesially to the maxillary right first molars, while contralateral first molar was severed as a control. At day 3, 7, 14 and 28 after loading, the molars were extracted. The tooth movement distance and the volume on the surface area of root resorption were measured and scaned by Micro-CT.Results Tooth movement gradually increased after loading. For 10 g group, 30 g group showed farther tooth movement distance with time throughout 14 days (P = 0.039), but there was a reverse result at day 28 (P<0.05). There was a significant increased in the root resorption craters between the control group and the 10 g/ 30 g group after 28 days of loading (P = 0.004), and the deeply root resorption were observed on the 30 g group (P<0.001).Conclusion Reliable evaluation and quantitative analysis in the tooth movement and the root resorption could be done by Micro-CT. Tooth movement in the 10 g group was more rapid than the 30 g group, nevertheless, the root resorption craters was less reduced after 28 days loading.

  • Jun WEN,Shuai-mei XU,Ying LIU
    Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases. 2016, 24(8): 459-463. https://doi.org/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2016.08.005
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    Objective To evaluate the effect of Wnt inhibitor XAV-939 on the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs).Methods The effect of XAV-939 on the proliferation of DPSCs was analyzed by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8). The effect of XAV-939 on the adipogenic differentiation of DPSCs was analyzed by oil red staining. Quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the gene expression of glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK3β) and β-catenin which were Wnt signaling marker genes, and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ2 (PPARγ2) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α(C/EBPα) which were adipogenic marker genes.Results After 14 days, XAV-939 up-regulates expression of GSK3β、PPARγ2 and C/EBPα, while down-regulates β-catenin.Conclusion XAV-939 could promote the adipogenic differentiation of DPSCs by inhibiting Wnt signalling pathway.

  • Yan-fei CHENG,Yong-rong ZHONG
    Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases. 2016, 24(8): 464-468. https://doi.org/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2016.08.006
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    Objective To study the effect of tetrandrine (TET) on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line Tca8113 and its influence against the expression of β-catenin.Methods CCK-8 method was used to detect the effect of TET on Tca8113 by different dose and time. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of β-catenin after treatment by TET meanwhile the distribution of the β-catenin treated by TET was detected by the immunofluorescence method.Results With the increasing dose of TET, the inhibition rate against Tca8113 was raising (P < 0.05). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of TET against Tca8113 was 64 μmol/L. With this concentration, the inhibition rate against Tca8113 exhibited a time-dependent manner. The results of western blot revealed that the expression of β-catenin was significantly inhibited after treatment by TET (P < 0.05). The results of immunofluorescence method showed that the β-catenin protein mainly located at nucleus in Tca8113, while after treatment by TET, the β-catenin protein mainly located at cellular membrane and cytoplasm in a diffused distribution manner.Conclusion Our data suggest that TET can inhibit the cell growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma, and influence the cellular distribution of β-catenin protein in tumor cells.

  • Cinical Study
  • Miao YU,Ai-feng TIAN,Ying WU,Yan YANG,Qian-zhou JIANG
    Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases. 2016, 24(8): 469-472. https://doi.org/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2016.08.007
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    Objective To evaluate clinical effects of of computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing(CAD/CAM) on the ceramic onlay restoration of endodontically treated posterior tooth.Methods 126 endodontically treated posterior teeth were restored with chair-side CAD/CAM ceramic onlays. The patient satisfaction surveys were carried out immediately after restoration. Clinical evaluations, including marginal adaptation, contour apearance, surface texture, color match were made according to the modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria immediately after the restoration and 1 year follow-up.Results More than 91% patients were satisfied with the restorations. According to USPHS criteria, 92.1%and 91.3%(χ 2 = 0.052,P = 0.820) restorations reached A level inmarginal adaptation immediately and in 1 year follow-up, and that was 97.6% for the contour appearance, 95.2% and 93.7%(χ 2 = 0.303,P = 0.582) for the surface texture, 80.2% and 81.7%(χ 2 = 0.103,P = 0.748) for the color match. Only one ceramic restoration fractured during follow-up. Conclusion CAD/CAM ceramic onlays have good clinical effect in restoration of endodontically treated posterior teeth .

  • Zheng-yu PENG,Jie-ru HUANG,Zhi-fang LI,Fei-li WEN,Sui MAI
    Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases. 2016, 24(8): 473-476. https://doi.org/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2016.08.008
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    Objective To evaluatethe detection rate, typing, and therapeutic effect of second mesiobuccal canals(MB2) of first molars under dental operating microscope.Methods 88 maxillary molars with the presence of MB2 through cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) were collected, in which 68 were received root canal treatment and 20 were received root canal retreatment because of the missing canal of MB2 respectively. The type of mesiobuccal root canal in the former 68 maxillary molars were analyzed under CBCT. The 68 maxillary molars were divided into 2 groups, with 34 in each group. The experienment group received treatment under dental operating microscope, while the control group under naked eyes. MB2 detection rate, treatment and retreatment effect between two groups were compared. The latter 20 maxillary molars were also seperated into 2 groups, in which 10 cases were treated under microscope and 10 cases were treated under naked eye. The effect of retreatment was observed.Results The type of mesiobuccal root canal in 68 maxillary molars under CBCT were mainlytypeⅡand typeⅢ, with the proportion of 77.9% (53 cases) and 22.1% (15 cases) respectively. The detection rate of MB2 in the experimental group was 100%, and 91.2% (30 cases) in the control group, a statistical difference can be found between 2 groups (P < 0.05). 97.5% (33 cases) of the experimental group was successfully treated, and 79.4% (27 cases) for the control group (P < 0.05). The success rate of retreatment under microscope was 60% (6 cases), which was significantly higher than that of the naked eye (P < 0.05). In 3-month and 6-month follow-up, the treatment effect in experimental group was significantly better than the control group (P < 0.05).Conclusion Dental microscope can help to increase MB2 detection rate and improve treatment and retreatment effect.

  • Feng-zhu XIAN,Jun-lan CHEN,Ji-nan WU
    Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases. 2016, 24(8): 482-486. https://doi.org/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2016.08.010
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    Objective To compare the clinical effect on dental implant with minimally invasive flapless surgery of immediate implantation in maxillary anterior zone.Methods Sixty patients were divided into observation group and control group. The observation group was given with flapless surgery during immediate implant, the control group used traditional flap surgery immediate implant. The patients were followed up 3, 6, 12 months and compared the pink aesthetic index、alveolar bone absorption level and the satisfaction index.Results The pink aesthetic index was significantly higher than that in control group in 3, 6 and 12 month (P<0.05). At the same time, the satisfaction index (87%) was also significantly higher than that in control group (74%). The alveolar bone absorption were lower than that in control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Flapless surgery of anterior maxillary teeth immediate implant can better improve the effect of both soft and hard tissue which also meets the needs of patients. Such method is worthy of recommendation.

  • Qi WU,Ying LENG,Chang-hua DUAN,Zhuang-hua ZHU,Die-hua LUO
    Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases. 2016, 24(8): 487-490. https://doi.org/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2016.08.011
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    Objective To investigate the effects of blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on implant stability and blood inflammatory markers.Methods 35 patients with T2DM were selected as the observation group, and 30 healthy individuals were included in the control group. All the patients received implant surgery. The level of the blood glucose control, the inflammatory indexes of blood, and the implant stability were recorded and analyzed.Results There was no significant difference in the inflammation indexes between the 2 groups before surgery (P > 0.05). The numbers of white blood cells, grain cells and lymphocyte in the observation group were significantly higher than those in control group after implantation (P<0.01). The immediate implant torque values were (32.65 ± 3.48) N·cm and (28.75 ± 3.64) N·cm in control group and observation group respectively, and the average torque value of the control group was significantly higher than that of the observation group (t = 2.945, P = 0.016). The postoperative implant stability quotient (ISQ) decreased at first, and then increased gradually. There was no significant difference in ISQ between the 2 groups at the early stage (P > 0.05), what’s more, when ISQ decreased to the lowest level after 2 weeks, there was no significant difference either (P > 0.05). Individuals with worse blood glucose level control were observed to have a longer time to recover the ISQ level (P<0.05).Conclusion Blood glucose level may have some effects on the inflammatory reaction and implant stability in the patients with T2DM.

  • Prevention and Treatment Practice
  • Yun CAI,Shu-ying ZHANG,Huan-cai LIN
    Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases. 2016, 24(8): 491-494. https://doi.org/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2016.08.012
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    Objective To investigate the oral health knowledge and behaviors of 15 to 17 years old students in Chaozhou and provide necessary information for oral health care plans.Methods A questionnaire investigation was conducted among 933 students aged 15-17 years from Chaozhou. They were recruited using stratified cluster random sampling method. The questionnaire was designed on the basis of the questionnaire for the fourth national oral health survey as well as the objectives of the present study. The questionnaire involved a range of questions, including demographic and social information, oral health knowledge and behaviors. Analyses were made for the data of the questionnaire.Results Only 13.1% of students knew that pit and fissure sealant can protect teeth. The girls (t = 5.198) and those whose father had higher education level (t = 2.667) had higher oral health knowledge score (P < 0.01). The frequency of tooth brushing was significantly associated with age (χ 2 = 23.002) and gender (χ 2 = 98.722) (P < 0.001). The girls and those who were older had higher proportions of brushing their teeth twice or more daily. 75.2% of students did not know whether the toothpaste they used contained fluoride or not, and 91.5% of students never used dental floss. The use of dental service was significant associated with gender (χ 2 = 16.406) and their maternal education level (χ 2 = 12.566) (P < 0.01). Conclusion The oral health knowledge and behaviors of 15 to 17 years old students from Chaozhou are needed to be improved actively. Oral health education should be focused on those who are boys and younger, and whose parents have lower education level.

  • Wen-juan YIN,Jun-qi QIU,Ya-rong HOU,Man-qun ZHU,Jie WANG,Hui-ming YE
    Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases. 2016, 24(8): 495-497. https://doi.org/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2016.08.013
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    Objective To investigate the occupational exposure and its risk fatctors among the medical staff of stomatological department and, in order to improve the occupational protection and reduce the risk for occupational exposure.Methods The occupational exposures that occurred in 44 medical staff from Jan 2013 to Dec 2015 were investigated, and the occupation, exposure sources, types of exposures, exposure link were analyzed.Results Among the 44 medical staff of oral department with occupational exposure, doctors accounted for 54.5%, nurses 34.1%. There were 39 medical staff with sharps injuries and 3 medical staff with mucous membrane exposure. The major expose reason is cleaning medical instruments or equipment at the end of medical treatment, accounting for 43.2%(19 cases). Needle stick injures in operation is the second major reason, accounting for 34.1%(15 cases). All the subjects with occupational exposures have received appropriate treatment, and the follow-up showed that none of the medical staff were infected due to the occupational exposure.Conclusion The major expose reason is cleaning medical instruments or equipment at the end of medical treatment. It is crucial to intensify the training of medical staff of stomatological department in the knowledge of occupational exposure, implement the standard of preventive measures, and standarize the operation procedures so as to reduce the risk of occupational exposure.

  • Hai-xia LIU,Yin-zhe MA
    Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases. 2016, 24(8): 498-500. https://doi.org/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2016.08.014
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    Objective To study the value of the application of cone beam CT on the research of root canal morphology of maxillary first molars.Methods Eighty-three maxillary first molars of 70 patients were randomly selected in this study. All teeth were examined for morphology of roots and root canals by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The root canals configuration was classified using Vertucci’s classification. The incidence of second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) was calculated.Results All of the maxillary first molars had three separated roots. The incidence of MB2 canal was 38.6%. In the mesiobuccal roots, the most common Vertucci classifications of canal types were type Ⅰ (1-1, 61.4%), type Ⅳ(2-2, 18.1%), typeⅡ(2-1, 15.7%), type Ⅲ(1-2-1, 4.8%).Conclusion The root canal system of maxillary first molars is complicated. CBCT images can facilitate the identification of root canal and provide reference for the root canal treatment.